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Théodore Clovis Edmond Lemartin, known as Léon Lemartin (20 October 1883 Dunes, Tarn-et-Garonne – 18 June 1911, Vincennes)〔(History of Dunes – Lemartin )〕〔 was a pioneer aviator who set a world record on 3 February 1911 at Pau, France when he carried seven passengers in a Blériot XIII ''Aerobus''. He then took eight, eleven and thirteen passengers aloft the following month.〔(AviaFrance – Profile of the Bleriot XIII )〕 The son of a blacksmith, in 1902 he became a graduate ''Gadz'Art'', an engineer of 'Arts and Crafts' of the École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM) – a prestigious university (grande ecole) specialising in engineering.〔〔 His aeronautic career included working with Gabriel Voisin, the Seguin brothers, Henri Farman, Ernest Archdeacon and Louis Blériot. He was present when Blériot made the historic first crossing of the English channel in 1909.〔〔 On 4 October 1910 he was awarded Aviator's Certificate number 249 by the Aéro-Club de France. On 24 May 1911, three weeks before his death, he reportedly surpassed the world speed record although it was never officially recognized. He achieved over the flight between Etampes and Toury in a Blériot using his own enhancements to the Gnome Omega motor.〔 He died in a crash on 18 June 1911 during the Paris–London–Paris leg of ''Le Circuit Européen'' (Tour of Europe) air race. He was still within sight of the reportedly 'up to 1 million' spectators at the take-off in Vincennes. ==Early life== Lemartin was born in the commune of Dunes in the Department of Tarn-et-Garonne in south west France.〔〔 From the moment of his birth he was known as Léon, but his forenames (Théodore, Clovis, Edmond) honoured both his father and both of his grandfathers. When he graduated in 1902 and required authorisations to work he discovered a mistake on his birth certificate, that his family name of 'Le Martin' had been written 'Lemartin', but he decided that it was easier to adopt the 'new' spelling.〔 His father Edmond was a blacksmith and farrier (Fr. Maréchal-ferrant), and a member of the 'Compagnons du Tour de France' (a French community of craftsmen and artisans). He was also the inventor of several 'furnaces maréchal', some of which were patented. Edmond believed strongly in both science and technology so Léon spent many hours working in the forge learning practical skills.〔 Once Lemartin achieved his 'school certificate' he was enrolled at the 'Ecole Pratique' d'Agen'. He was a gifted and serious student who advanced quickly so that in October 1899, when he was just sixteen, he left his native Brulhois area and travelled almost to enroll at the 'Institute of Arts et Métiers' in Aix-en-Provence where he became a ''Gadz'Art'', the nickname given to the students and alumni of the École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), a prestigious university (''grande ecole'') specialising in engineering. At the age of nineteen, in 1902, he became a qualified ''Gadz'Art'', an engineer of 'Arts and Crafts' (''Ingénieur des Arts et Métiers'') and moved to Paris.〔(Patrimoine (Heritage) – Grandes figures of gadzarts – Profiles of alumni – Léon Lemartin by Jean-Louis Eytier with contributions from Jacques Dalmon, the only grandson of Lemartin. )〕〔(La Marseillaise, Ces « Gadz’Arts » Aixois Entres dans la Legende. 19-07-2010 – Graduates of ''Ingénieur des Arts et Métiers'' at Aix-en-Provence )〕 In December 1902 Lemartin met aviation enthusiast Louise Soriano, who had divorced the Comte Charles de Lambert and married Ricardo Soriano von Hermansdorff Sholtz, Marquis de Ivanrey. Lemartin and Louise worked together during their joint airship project and subsequently married, upon which he adopted her daughter Jane (or Jeanne〔French article -Léon Lemartin〕) de Lambert from her first marriage.〔 Louise died in December 1907 and is buried in Dunes. Lemartin then married Madeleine, née Baas, and they had three children: Louise, Simone and Léone. Jane de Lambert also grew up in the family. After his death, Madeleine married his brother Albert and had two more children, Maurice and Roger.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Léon Lemartin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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